ANG II-induced excitation of paraventricular nucleus magnocellular neurons: a role for glutamate interneurons.

Angiotensin II Induced Excitation of Paraventricular Nucleus Magnocellular Neurons: a Role for Glutamate Interneurons

Angiotensin II activates a nitric-oxide-driven inhibitory feedback in the rat paraventricular nucleus.

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has been shown to play major obligatory roles in autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation. Angiotensin II (ANG) acts as a neurotransmitter regulating the excitability of magnocellular neurons in this nucleus. We report here that ANG also activates a nitric-oxide-mediated negative feedback loop in the PVN that acts to regulate the functional output o...

Noradrenergic excitation of magnocellular neurons in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus via intranuclear glutamatergic circuits.

Noradrenergic projections to the hypothalamus play a critical role in the afferent control of oxytocin and vasopressin release. Recent evidence for intrahypothalamic glutamatergic circuits prompted us to test the hypothesis that the excitatory effect of noradrenergic inputs on oxytocin and vasopressin release is mediated in part by local glutamatergic interneurons. The voltage response to norep...

NMDA Receptor Plasticity in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Contributes to the Elevated Blood Pressure Produced by Angiotensin II.

Hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with glutamate-dependent dysregulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Many forms of glutamate-dependent plasticity are mediated by NMDA receptor GluN1 subunit expression and the distribution of functional receptor to the plasma membrane of dendrites. Here, we use a combined ultrastructural and functional analysis ...

Effect of Losartan injection into paraventricular nucleus on the deleterious effects of angiotensin II in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) and losartan injections into paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: After right nephrectomy in male rats, a cannula was inserted into the right PVN. One week later, renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury was induced by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min, a...